#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on How Money at Work Is It a Source of Motivation #8220;

#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on How Money at Work Is It a Source of Motivation #8220; Is money an effective motivator at work? It is said that for a living food , shelter and clothes are needed. This is very true and for getting all this , money is need. At this point of time , money is required as much as oxygen for survival. Money is a great motivator at work. Disregarding the fact that money changes a persons character , money has become a part of our life. With money mostly all the things can be bought for enjoying life. At work , the money can be good motivator. We should not forget the reality that we all work for getting more and more money. Money can help an employee do the best out of him. For praising an employee , bonus can be given by the employer as a reward. This can be the best reward one can expect. The days are gone , when more money was considered bad. In this 21 st century , money is really needed for a living. At this time all one needs is money. It is needed by parents to feed their children or to feed himself. No matter what somebody does with th e money he gets from work , but everybody wants money. When a person uses money for his familys welfare ,he wants to help his family.The other condition can be that the money which he get from the work is used in partying. These both aspects are totally different but the similarity is that , money is needed for both of them regardless of the uses. When an employer gives a bonus to both of these employees , they both will be equally happy. As all they require is money.  Which is really true, otherwise the question that arises is What is the purpose of working then?. Only because we want money to fulfil our needs. If we are focused on our work and do our job as needed , we should only care about getting money. This is the only reason that , it is said that keep your family problems away from work. Instead it can be said that personal problems or conditions or  ideas (such as money is not everything) should be kept away from work. For those who argue that money is not everything or money is not needed for doing a good job ,can be questioned that why then are you working and why dont you sit idle in the house and laze around?. Money is the only reason for work and only money effects the work and not anything else(here is should be considered that volunteering is separate). No doubt that money has differentiated sections in society from rich to poor. But Money is the only reason that some of us are working as a chairman or manager in a company and some of us are working as a peon or a sweeper in the company. It is true that nobody will ever want to be a sweeper.Unless some body is really foolish. But for this job , if a nice amount of money is offered , then one may accept it. Well ,think of a situation where you are offered a job of a manager or of a sweeper with more income than the manager , which one would you choose For, the job of a sweeper with more income than the manager would be more profitable. It d oesnt matter with what you are working for. Your personality doesnt change with the type of work you do , as it is within you. For money , your fame should not matter. When you are getting more money , whats the problem There is nothing bad in working as sweeper with more income. †¦right. Hence money can make you do anything. For a workplace , the workers you work with shouldnt matter to you but the only thing that should matter is your  income, but this doesnt mean that you start fighting with your co-workers. Hence finally according to me , money is really important for work and also for happy being. In this world of science and technology , money is needed for almost everything which is needed for making one happy. For example , now-a-days , everyday , newer gadgets are flooding the market and people ,specially the present generation want these thing for various occasions such as passing an exam ,winning a competition etc. Earlier after passing an exam the gift asked by the children were blessings for the next time. Now as the time and situations have changed , they ask for some gadget or some prize. For giving them this money is needed by the parents or the guardian. Money does play an important role in our life but it also does effect badly for those who try to make money not in an honest way. They think , what am I going to get by working with an employer , so lets rob , steal †¦etc.. For this only reason , crime rate has gone up in the last few decades. Thus money does effect ones life in one way or the other and it will keep effecting our life throughout.It is indeed an effective motivator at work in this world.

Spike Lees do the right thing and issue of Racisim essays

Spike Lee's do the right thing and issue of Racisim essays Cops beating up coloured people for no particular reason. Teenage girls throwing eggs at elder Chinese. Islamic students getting teased at school because of their clothes...Pretty soon youd start asking yourself, Why cant we live with our families, and go to our classes, and work at our jobs, and not let racism colonize our minds with suspicion? The multiple points of view expressed throughout the film Do The Right Thing suggests that things are more complicated than black and white; that racism has deeply ingrained in our society and there are no clear-cut ways of solving this ever-present problem. This is because so much of racism is beneath the surface and that it is not just between two sides. We were taught in social studies classes that decades ago, a man named Martin Luther King Jr. stood up for the Black Americans and started the Civil Movement, that they were free from segregation laws ever since. But was it really a fairy-tale ending for them? We may not have refused to sit on the same bus or eat in the same restaurant with them, but does that give us a racism-free label? We may not recognize ourselves as racists, but in truth people can behave in a racist way without really knowing it or even meaning it. In the film Do The Right Thing, the Italian pizzeria owner Sal isnt really racist: he gets frustrated when his racist son calls his customers nigger, he did give a job to Mookie and even has a thing for his sister. Still, he doesn't treat Afro-American overall like he treats whites. For example, there's a wall of fame in his restaurant showcasing different Italian-American people like Frank Sinatra, Al Pacino and John Travolta. They're all respected stars, and, wel l, they're all white. No Martin Luther King, no Malcolm X. No blacks are to be on Sals wall of fame. This might not seems as racist given that it is an Italian restaurant, but the...

Network Sevens situational comedy Will and Grace and romantic drama Essay

Network Sevens situational comedy Will and Grace and romantic drama The L word have both garnered critical and public praise for their use of significant homos - Essay Example l and Grace, and day-soap romantic drama in the case of The L Word, has a lot to do with the success of these shows and helping to make the lifestyles of gays and lesbians less suspicious, less mysterious, less threatening and have served to increase the gay and lesbian community’s base of heterosexual support for individual choice in same-sex relationships. Will and Grace follow on the success of shows like Mad About You, where the relationships were situational and the public at large, across gender identities, could relate to the events on a comedic level. More importantly, Will and Grace captured the â€Å"formula† for good humor. With its characters, like Karen (played by Megan Mullolly) the show is able to create a balance with peripheral characters so that the focus and expectation is not constantly on Will and Grace (Debra Messing) as characters in the show. There are the lives of the people in their lives going on about them, and this is important so that the show does not over-focus on the dating aspect of a single gay man and a heterosexual woman living in New York City. Drama, like comedy, requires a strength in the actor to the extent that the actor can successfully carry the character (Ulea, 2002, p. 3). Researcher V. Ulea describes drama this way: â€Å"A type of dramatic drama that represents main protagonists with average or above average and strong potential (2002, p. 4): The dramatic character is responsible for connecting with the viewer in a way that draws the viewer into the character’s space, and to react to the circumstances of the situation in a way that most of the viewing audience would react, or in a way with which the viewing audience can be understanding of or sympathetic of. According to Ulea, there can be cross-over between the genres, and it might yield something called â€Å"dramedy (2002, p. 5). This is when the ending is â€Å"assigned for cheerful, sad, or drama. Accordingly, the combination of powerful potential combined

The problems caused by the cereal-cyst nematode (CCN) in many wheat Essay

The problems caused by the cereal-cyst nematode (CCN) in many wheat fields and Saudi Arabias huge amount of loss of underground water due to the attempt of becoming a major agriculture producer of wheat - Essay Example The writers determined the genetic basis of meloidoyne incognita –fusarium exosporium lycopersici disease which affected tomatoes as from the inoculations of progeny F2. The paper demonstrated the role of nematode in the disease interactions through resistance breakdown to F Oxysporum lycopersici in the presence of M. It showed that the cysts have a significant effect in the productivity of the important food crops. This paper evaluates the impact of the H.avenae on the spring wheat yields in Northwest Pacific. The condition had been observed on the fields but had not been quantified. It was motivated by the variation in infestation between the fields in dry land and irrigated fields. Heterodera avenae is widely distributed in the western US. These are the regions where wheat is grown in the non-irrigated winter wheat and summer fallows in the regions of low rainfall. The social and economic pressures have motivated growers to pursue a transition into the summer fallow rotation to the no till annual spring cereals. These cereals are also grown in the irrigated fields. Spring wheat was, therefore, planted without aldicarb in determining the relationship between H.avenae and the yields under the irrigated and dry land in moderately infested lands. From the research, the spring wheat productivity was negatively correlated with the initial H.avenae populations. This research paper aims to present valuable information and figures related to agricultural development plans in Saudi Arabia. This is done despite the unsuitable and harsh climate as well as other conditions for normal production in agriculture. This is because of the limited and deteriorating water availability for agricultural productivity. The paper focuses on the condition of Saudi Arabia in improving and increasing the production of agricultural products. The

Systems of administration in criminal justice organizations Essay

Systems of administration in criminal justice organizations - Essay Example Applying these theories to the modern Criminal Justice administration any organisation whether based on Criminal Justice or any other Department requires the use of Open and Closed systems for its effective functions. The organisation of Criminal Justice is in a constant state of flux due to changes in the outside environment, societal attitudes, mandates, legal decisions and other uncontrollable variables.In this regard if we look at the Police Systems and other Law enforcement Organisations there is large influence of extraneous factors. There was   an era   with in the police history of Political appointments with in the traditional Police systems(pre 1900) when the city politicians wanted political control over the Police Stations .In this sense Police Stations were historically open systems in an administrative sense because they were openly controlled by politicians. This system was criticised because this so called â€Å"political era† of policing was a time of high level corruption and bribery and undue influence of the extraneous factors .A rather reformed period of administration began at the turn of thee 20th century when there was an organizational attempt by these departments at professionalising and organising the police departments and to isolate themselves from political influence and corruption. By necessity such a step required a closed system which would isolate them organizationally from the public. The organizational and administrational set ups of the Police departments adopted a more bureaucratic colour. and their structure became very rigid and organised. There was less Individual discretion and separate rules and regulations for the institutional reform and management. This closed system required a certain "detachment" from the community which was not necessarily very ideal but indispensable to the pending reform. Things changed however after this reform era of the 1940's and the 1950's ,due to civil unrest so characteristic of the 1960's.A more open system where the public would be taken in trust and confidence was seen as a means promoting better crime management. The 1970's therefore saw a more open system i.e. a form of community policing.(Falcon, 2002) It can be seen therefore that the American criminal justice has experienced a transformation of organizational approach that transformed it from a closed set up and made it significantly more community interactive. Community interactivity has become a critical component in the ongoing struggle to balance the extremely uneven presence of perpetrators to law enforcement officers. The advantage of a closed-system approach was seen as the most appropriate way to protect society against criminal infiltrators by keeping information and management hidden from the public eye.However law enforcement officials realised that there was a kind of a "beneficial impact" by involving the community members by means of the open-system approach .The arrangement was practical and economically sound. The closed system ideology is still predominant across many parts of the US and also figures prominently in the mechanisms of the FBI and DEA today.(Hodgson 2001

The case study of Toyota

The case study of Toyota Through the case study of Toyota we shall understand the concept of operations management better and comprehensively. Before analyzing the operations of Toyota let us know more about the company. Toyota Motor Corporation is Japans leading carmaker. The company has international existence in more than 170 countries across the globe. It manufactures a variety of automobiles including cars, pickups, minivans and SUVs including models such as Camry, Corolla, 4Runner, Land Cruiser, Sienna, the luxury Lexus line, and full-sized pickup trucks. It has enormous financial potency, a sales turnover of 131,511 million for 1997 and sales growth of 29.3%. It is the second largest car maker in the world, following General Motors. Some of the key points of its success include: Successful Brand: Toyota has gradually developed into a trusted brand based on quality, first-class performance and for being eco-friendly. (Lysons Farrington 2005) Innovation Toyota is at the front position of car manufacturing innovation. It was the earliest car maker to embrace lean manufacturing (called Toyota Production System) which is a quicker, more competent process which leads to a lesser amount of waste compared to the conventional batch and queue technique of manufacturing. It in addition applied JIT (Just in Time manufacturing) and smart automation. Product Development Answer to the achievement in the car market is latest models which encourage demand and loyalty to the Toyota brand. Toyota has status for producing cars which are greener, more fuel proficient, and of first-class performance. Toyota has sought after to meet government necessities like reducing the impact on the atmosphere, economic changes including prices of fuel oil persisting to increase by developing of hybrid fuels. Toyota was the earliest car maker to promote hybrid (gas and electric) fuel, with the commencement of Prius model, earlier than its rivals. It effectively entered markets and penetrated them with both manufacturing and sales subsidiaries. Toyota easily gained first mover advantages by existence in internationally strategic markets (Asia, Europe, US) first, whereas its closest opponent (Ford, GM) gained grip in only 2 of (US and Europe). Toyota is well positioned to take lead of the development in South East Asian markets of China and India. Toyota has stimulated to a worldwide manufacturing model. Car manufacturing sites are costly, requiring high fixed cost investment. Toyota has moved its manufacturing site to where factor costs are lesser (with no comprising on quality) and currently manufactures diverse parts of the car and carries out assembly in diverse locations around the globe It has been mainly flourishing at gaining cost efficiencies and compared to the manufacture and assembly of cars in single location.(Management of technology and innovation in Japan, By Cornelius Herstatt, Hugo Tschirky, Christoph Stockstrom ) Major challenges and future outlook for the company: Car manufacturers are constantly facing increasing political and consumer group demands to manufacture cars that are more fuel-efficient and decrease emissions. Saturation, over supply in the developed world, has led producers to look to China, India and up-and-coming markets where population, income and demand is mounting. However, these countries have national brands which are increasing in reputation. Oil prices upsetting the price of fuel. Consumers handling of cars are declining. Faced with increased operation costs, consumers are reported to be using their vehicles less to bank on household costs. Governments across Europe are encouraging car-share and substitute forms of transportation. These factors are disturbing the demand for latest cars. Varying demographics: The size of families has been declining. This has condensed the demand for bigger cars, and an upswing in demand for fuel proficient smaller cars. After understanding about the company along with its problems and solutions we shall study in detail about the operations management of Toyota Motor Corporation. As we are already aware that automobile industry is huge and is popularly split into two categories namely, commercial vehicles and cars. Even as General Motors is the worlds largest automobile producer, the situation of car market is rather different due to sudden changes stimulated by Japanese counterpart Toyota racing ahead. Recently, Toyota has gained worlds leading car manufacturer label having about 17% market share, followed by GM and Ford who have approximately 15 and 12 per cent market share, respectively. (Toyota Culture, By Liker ) Processes under consideration for Toyota Motor Corporation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operations are the second pillar supporting production activities. As already studied above, operations are associated to the flow of equipment and operators. Improvements in operations management has been long emphasized in the Toyota production system. Operations have three fundamental components preparation and after-adjustment, principal operations and marginal allowances. (Shingo Dillon 1989)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are known as setup change operations which generally take place before and after the production of every lot. They are considered useful operations in the company. Earlier majority of the production took place in large lots because setup changeovers took a lot of time. Under those situations, producing in larger lots resulted in lower labor costs however it also caused an undesirable upscale in in-process stock. SMED setups The fundamental assumption behind the economic lot size, although is the sudden reductions in changeover is quite impractical and impossible. The development of SMED setups has led to the collapse of this assumption and the requirement for such economic lots to disappear. Making use of SMED to reduce setup times is usually regarded as a means to enhance the operating rates of machines without any doubt. It must not be forgotten, that greater profits are gained by application of SMED to process enhancements like using smaller lot production to eliminate stocks or getting rid of finished product inventories through the usage of rapid changeovers for order-based production. The second element of operational improvement understands of the concept of standard operations. In this section of our paper we shall completely explore this concept existing within the Toyota production system and its three temporal aspects.( Just-in-time for operators, By Prod Press, Productivity Press Development Team) Standard operations and the Toyota production system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard worksheets and the data contained in them are essential aspects of the Toyota production system. For any production personnel to be able to write a standard work sheet that is understandable by other workers, requires being self convinced by its importance. The company has eliminated waste by analyzing available resources, improving machining processes, installing autonomous systems, improvising tools and optimizing the quantity of materials available at hand. At the same time high production efficiency should also be maintained by putting an end to recurrence of defective products, operational mistakes and accidents and by encouraging workers to present their ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By maintaining a standard work sheet efficiently Toyota to a great extent could keep a track on its production system and was able to eliminate any type of wastages or obstructions. A standard work sheet competently combines materials, workers and machines to manufacture effectively. In Toyota, this process is known as work combination which is a result of standard work procedure. The list clearly enlists three aspects of the standard work procedure as: Cycle Time Work Sequence Standard Inventory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cycle time is the time which is allotted to manufacture one piece or unit. This is determined by the production quantity, which means the quantity required and the operating time. Quantity required per day can be calculated by quantity required in a month divided by the months number of operating days. In majority of the cases, delay takes place due to the differences in the operator motion and sequence. The job of the field supervisor, section chief is to effectively train workers which is possible through clear instruction sequence. Standard inventory refers to the minimum intra-process work-in-progress required for operations to take place. In Toyota production system, the condition that parts have to reach just-in-time implies that standard inventories need to met more meticulously. With the inclusion of just in just-in-time it means that if the parts arrive any time earlier to their requirement and not at the time when it is needed actually, then wastage cannot be eliminated. In Toyota production system, overproduction is entirely prevented by kanban. Consequently, there is no requirement for additional inventory and thus no requirement for warehouse and its manager. (Lowson 2002) Operations Management and its Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For any business organization, the value added by both operations management and operations strategy is fundamental and basic. The operational activities are fundamental to the provision of goods and services. Every organization offers a product and service combination. Eating a meal in a restaurant, purchasing a pair of Pepe Jeans, insuring an automobile; all have operations activities and their management is vital to the successful provision of goods and services. Operations management has its roots in the study of production and manufacturing management. Definition of operations management can be put across in the following words, The design, operation and improvement of the internal and external systems, resources and technologies that create and deliver the firms primary product and service combinations (Ramsay n.d).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the extent organization structure is concerned, a few firms would have discrete operations function. It might be called a manufacturing department, an operation system or have no recognizable name itself. Although, it is a fundamental and essential function similar to marketing and accounting having professionally skilled operations or products manager. In different organizations these managers shall have different titles, a store manager for a retailer, distributions manager in a logistics company and so on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the definition above, operations management is a concept which extends beyond the limits of internal production or manufacturing. Currently, it encompasses other additional activities including purchasing, distribution, product and process design, etc. Additionally, there would too be external managerial responsibilities at a supply network level which covers a large number of interconnections amongst external firms. (Betz, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is seen that the study of operations management and operations strategy is comparatively newer discipline, when compared with a lot of social and natural sciences. In the definition of Operations management we made use of the term Product and Services combination which is an important point to be noted. The type of products or services has significant implications for operations management and operations strategy. Another important point is that in operations management goods and services are two distinct activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations undertaking different diverse activities in providing variety of products and service often have many suppliers and customers. The concept of flexibility plays an important role operations management and it is a subject exercising the minds of many managers in todays modern organizations. The analysis of any operational activity is not a simple task as there are several important techniques which help the process. (Hutchins 1999) Value Adding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value added is basically associated with how well an organization matches its product and service combination to the identified needs of its selected customers. Michael Porter (1985) comments, In competitive terms, value is the amount of buyers is voluntarily paying for what a firm provides them. Value is measured by total revenue, a reflection of the price a firms product commands and the units it can sell. Creating a value for buyers that exceeds the cost of doing so is the goal of any generic strategy (Ramsay n.d). Usually a single firm would not take up all these primary and secondary activities. As it is a known fact, firms are increasingly becoming reliant upon others in their supply network. Kanban   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With an enhanced tool, we could be able to achieve wonderful outcomes. But if it is used wrongly, then this very tool can make things worse. Kanban is amongst those tools which is used incorrectly could lead to a number of problems. To correctly employ Kanban, we need to firstly understand its role and then subsequently establish the rules for its usage. Kanban is a technique to achieve just-in-time; its aim is as the name suggests just-in-time. Kanban, in true sense becomes the autonomic nerve of the production line. In this, production workers begin to work themselves and make their individual decisions regarding overtime work. The kanban system also clarifies what should be executed by managers and supervisors. Thus, it promotes improvement in both work and equipment. The objective of elimination of wastage is too highlighted by kanban. Its implementation demonstrated what is waste, allowing creative study and enhancement proposals. Complete Analysis of Waste While thinking about the absolute elimination of waste, the company has to keep two things in mind: Improving efficiency can make sense only when it is linked to cost reduction. To be able to achieve this, Toyota has to begin producing only those items which use least manpower. Consider the efficiency of every operator and of every line. Then take a look at the operators as a group and subsequently at the efficiency of the whole plant. Efficiency requires to be enhanced at every stage and at the same time for the entire plant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By successful elimination of these wastes shall entirely enhance the operating efficiency by a wider scale. To accomplish this, Toyota must make only the quantity required, thus eliminating surplus manpower. The companys management is responsible to recognize excess manpower and use it efficiently. Total Quality Management: TQM is a group of management customs throughout the business, geared to make sure the organization constantly meets or exceeds customer necessities. TQM places strong concentration on process measurement and controls as way of constant development. A complete, organization-wide attempt to develop the quality of products and services, appropriate to every organization. Through the implementation of TQM, senior management will authorize all levels of management, together with self management at worker level, to handle quality system. TQM focuses on: Focuses on constant development. Recognizes responsibility of everybody in the business. Views business as an internal system with a concentrated aim. Focuses on the means responsibilities are accomplished. Emphasizes on joint effort. Direct benefits of TQM are as follows: Amplified satisfaction of workmanship amongst individual workers Improved willingness. Enhanced sustainability caused by extended time among equipment failures Comparison of Theory with Practice Value Adding Value chain analysis could be utilized to describe the activities within and around the Toyota and associate them to the competitive strength of Toyota i.e. the capability to offer value for money products and services. Therefore, the approach is based upon the requirement to recognize separate organizational activities and examine their value added. Different resources including people, machinery, information etc. should be deployed into activities, routines and systems which produce the requisite value. (Liker Hoseus 2008) Primary activities: Inbound logistics: Receiving, storing and distributing the inputs to Toyota Operations: Transforming inputs into outputs. Outbound logistics: Storing and Distribution and delivery of product and service combinations. (Lowson 2002) Marketing and sales: A means through which consumers are made aware of and can buy automobiles. Services: It includes those activities which improve the value of a automobile. Support Activities: Procurement: It is the process of acquiring the resource inputs to all the different primary activities across the entire company. Technology development: All the activities are performed with the help of technology which includes know-how and knowledge, whether concerned directly with products or services or processes. Human Resource management includes all those activities like recruitment, managing, training, developing and reward system. Infrastructure: This includes the broader aspect planning, finance, quality control and information management. Kanban and its usage in Toyota Production Line Within a production plant, kanban is a powerful force to decrease manpower and inventory, elimination of defective products and preventing recurrence of breakdowns. Market diversification in Toyota can be seen through the variety of cars, SUVs and commercial vehicles it manufactures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To illustrate, considering Corolla, the worlds largest mass-produced car during the late 70s, a definite production plan can be set up on a monthly basis. The total number of cars needed can be divided by the number of working days (which is the number of days on which actual production could be carried out) to the level the number of cars to be manufactured in a day. By studying each process like this, we could keep diversification and production leveling in harmony and still respond to customer orders in a periodic manner. Kanban enhances productivity and always moves with the required goods and thus becomes a work order for every process. In this manner, a kanban can easily stop any kind of overproduction, which is the largest loss in production for any company including Toyota.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To make sure that Toyota has 100% defect-free goods, they set up a system which automatically informs them if any process generating defective product is identified. Processes in Toyota mostly require just-in-time system which doesnt require any additional inventory. So, if the earlier process is generating defective parts, the subsequent process should stop the line. Additionally, everybody sees when this took place and the defective part is returned back to the previous process. Until such kind of defective work is decreased, it becomes complicated to assure a sufficient supply for the subsequent process to withdraw or to accomplish the aims of producing as economically as possible. An effort to thoroughly stabilize and rationalize the processes is the solution to comprehensively implement automation. (Betz 2003) Complete Analysis of Waste During 1950 labor dispute over manpower reduction and the ensuing business boom of the Korean War, Toyota struggled with a problem of how to scale up its production without increasing its manpower. The product manager came up with an idea and following means. For instance, one production line consists of 10 workers and manufactures 100 products yearly. This implies the line capacity is 100 pieces every day and the productivity per individual is 10 pieces a day. Examining the line and workers more in detail, one notices overproduction, workers waiting and other unnecessary movements depending upon the time of the day. If we try to enhance this situation and reduce manpower by 2 workers. The fact that 8 workers could produce 100 pieces every day suggests that Toyota could easily grab up to 125 pieces every day, increasing efficiency with no need of decreasing manpower. However, even earlier the company could manage the same efficiency but it was getting wasted due to unnecessary work a nd overproduction. This implies that if Toyota regards only work which is required as real work and defines rest as wastage, the equation given below holds true for both individual as well as the entire product line: Present Capacity= Work + Waste True efficiency improvement can take place only when there is zero waste and bring the percentage of work to 100%. As in the case of Toyota production system, they must manufacture only the quantity required, manpower should be reduced to trim excess capacity and the match needed quantity. (Lysons Farrington 2005) The initial step in the direction of application of Toyota production system is to recognize wastes entirely: Waste of overproduction Waste of time on hand (waiting) Waste of transportation Waste of processing Waste of stock in hand (inventory) Waste of movement Waste of manufacturing defective products Total Quality Management As already known, Toyota is famous across the worldwide market for automobiles and a number of studies done earlier emphasize the importance of linkage between quality and profitability. Profit margin can be altered by either commanding premium price in the market or decreasing the production cost. One of the most important aims of quality management is to satisfy customers which shall automatically lead to increased market share through more sales. Toyota has become number one car maker and its success is based on reputation of high quality. Cost reduction has been amongst the primary reason for Toyota to adopt TQM. Furthermore, cost cutting and improving the efficiency could focus on managers who are not very successful in implementation of TQM. Initially high quality costs would be higher for the management but over a period of time this application of TQM could decrease the costs. Those companies other than Toyota which focus on TQM are able to concentrate on errors. Toyota Produ ction system needs that what, when, where, why and how questions must be asked and answered for each of its defects. This helps in improvising their quality and reducing errors to the least minimum. (http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache%3AFyNsRG5iRWEJ%3Awww.delhibusinessreview.com%2Fv8n1%2F5.pdf+TQM+toyotahl=engl=insig=AHIEtbQStbbXQCHIKERt25d6KsGCNNjpMApli=1) Impact of quality on Customer satisfaction Toyota has successfully retained its number one ranking in the car market because of adapting to the practice of lean thinking which is not just limited to products and manufacturing processes but also to relationships with its customers and work force. Toyota has successfully marketed itself and through its activities which need product design, customer relationship building, technical service support for vehicles, brand development, and advertising and sales promotion capabilities. All this has led to a large customer base for the company which has helped it achieve its ranking in the market. Quality has been its key aim and it has already been studied earlier in the paper. Customers wish to get good quality products and Toyota successfully accomplishes its objective. Recommendations for improvement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the paper comes to an end I shall quickly run through the principles of success adopted by Toyota Motor Corporation to become the worlds largest car maker. Successfully adapting to Technology In industry presently, the most important keyword is Flexibility. Everyone wishes to be as flexible as possible and Toyota is no exception. Initially, the factor allowing Toyota to compete with global players was its flexibility. For the company, flexibility doesnt imply pushing the latest and most recent technology onto its current operations and struggling to adapt to such changes. Make use of only thoroughly tested and verified technology which not only serves people but also the processes. Here again testing involves both existing technology and fresh or cutting edge technology which Toyota has comprehensively evaluated and proved that it is functional. (Lowson 2002) Individuals drive continuous enhancement Toyota has right from the beginning invested in people and in return obtains committed and loyal associated who come to work every day and on time and are constantly enhancing their operations. The company followed the principle of developing exceptional persons and teams who followed companys philosophy by first glancing at the system dynamics of the organization. Building excellent team who understands and backs the companys existing culture is simply not a matter of adopting trouble-free solutions or a reflection of applying motivational and inspirational theories. The backbone of management approach is to train exceptional people and building individual work groups with successfully integrated social system with the technical system. Look out for solid partners and grow together Initially when Toyota begun building automobiles, it didnt have the requisite capital or equipment for building the collection of components needed to build a car. Toyota accomplished this after hunting for reliable and dependable suppliers and entered into partnerships with them. During the initial stages company didnt not have sufficient volumes to offer a lot of business to its suppliers. So it offered its partners with the opportunity to grow their business mutually and benefit together. (Lysons Farrington 2005) The company has grown gradually by keeping up to its principles and standards into a successful and well-liked car manufacturer across the globe. Through this paper we have comprehensively studied the operations of the Toyota Motors Corporation and also better understood the concept of operations management and its importance in business organizations. References Betz, F., (2003).Managing Technological Innovation. New York: John Wiley. Hutchins, D., (1999).Just in Time. Aldershot: Gower. Liker, J., Hoseus, M. (2008).Toyota Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lowson, R., (2002).Strategic Operations Management. New York: Routledge. Lu, D., (1989).Kanban Just-in-Time at Toyota. Portland: Productivity Press. Lysons, K., Farrington, B. (2005).Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. New York: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Shingo, S., Dillon, A. (1989).A Study of the Toyota Production System from an Industrial Engineering Viewpoint. Portland: Productivity Press. Ramsay, J. n.d. The real meaning of value in trading relationships. [Online] http://demo1.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet;jsessionid=798394907C676578F45AC5B85550736B?contentType=ArticleFilename=/published/emeraldfulltextarticle/pdf/0240250603.pdf [Accessed January 14, 2010]

Computers hacked :: essays research papers

WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The FBI confirmed Tuesday the accuracy of a New York Times report that software on routers, computers that control the Internet, were compromised last year by a hacker who claimed that he had infiltrated systems serving U.S. military installations, research laboratories, and NASA. The Times reported, and the FBI confirmed, that the focus of the investigation is a youth in Uppsala, Sweden, who has been charged as a juvenile. The FBI said it is unclear to U.S. authorities what, if anything, can be done to prosecute the youth for violating U.S. laws. The Times reported that the youth did not devise a new kind of attack but cleverly organized computers, automating the theft of computer log-ins and passwords. The Times reported that the attacks were detected by workers at research labs who saw that software on Cisco computer routers, part of the backbone of the Internet, had been compromised. In May 2004, a portion of Cisco's Internetworking Operating System (IOS) code was illegally copied and posted on the Internet. "Cisco enlisted the help of many law enforcement agencies after the incident which occurred prior to May 15, 2004," the company said in a statement posted on its Web site. "We are aware that a person has been detained in Sweden related to the IOS source code theft and are encouraged by this action," the statement said. After the May breach, Cisco said it believed that the publication of the information did not create an increased risk to its customers. 'Stakkato' The Times also reported that a California researcher got taunting messages from the hacker, who called himself "Stakkato," claiming to have infiltrated computer systems at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Maryland, the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Officials at some of those facilities confirmed to the Times that their computers had been breached but said the information obtained was insignificant. Larry Furrow, a spokesman at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, told CNN there was only one known break in at the facility. He said the incident took place in April 2004 when an individual or group gained access to White Sands' weather forecasts. Furrow said White Sands needs timely, local forecasts as part of their testing program, but the information is not classified. Computers hacked :: essays research papers WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The FBI confirmed Tuesday the accuracy of a New York Times report that software on routers, computers that control the Internet, were compromised last year by a hacker who claimed that he had infiltrated systems serving U.S. military installations, research laboratories, and NASA. The Times reported, and the FBI confirmed, that the focus of the investigation is a youth in Uppsala, Sweden, who has been charged as a juvenile. The FBI said it is unclear to U.S. authorities what, if anything, can be done to prosecute the youth for violating U.S. laws. The Times reported that the youth did not devise a new kind of attack but cleverly organized computers, automating the theft of computer log-ins and passwords. The Times reported that the attacks were detected by workers at research labs who saw that software on Cisco computer routers, part of the backbone of the Internet, had been compromised. In May 2004, a portion of Cisco's Internetworking Operating System (IOS) code was illegally copied and posted on the Internet. "Cisco enlisted the help of many law enforcement agencies after the incident which occurred prior to May 15, 2004," the company said in a statement posted on its Web site. "We are aware that a person has been detained in Sweden related to the IOS source code theft and are encouraged by this action," the statement said. After the May breach, Cisco said it believed that the publication of the information did not create an increased risk to its customers. 'Stakkato' The Times also reported that a California researcher got taunting messages from the hacker, who called himself "Stakkato," claiming to have infiltrated computer systems at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Maryland, the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Officials at some of those facilities confirmed to the Times that their computers had been breached but said the information obtained was insignificant. Larry Furrow, a spokesman at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, told CNN there was only one known break in at the facility. He said the incident took place in April 2004 when an individual or group gained access to White Sands' weather forecasts. Furrow said White Sands needs timely, local forecasts as part of their testing program, but the information is not classified.